Airports are complex systems, composed by a multitude of enterprises, concessionaires, retail shops, airlines, service companies, public agencies (air traffic control, customs and border control) and public safety organizations. With the term "SMART airport" we intend the ensemble of solutions, devices and services that optimize and automate the usage of airways and airspace infrastructures,checkpoints, passengers-luggage-cargo control system, info points and internal communications of the airports and also smart connections with technologies similar with the smart cities.

The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is an initiative backed by the EU with the objective of improving safety and increasing interoperability of rail transport in Europe through a Europe-wide standard for train control and command systems. Interoperability and harmonisation have been key drivers of the development and growth of this single market, through economies of scale and reduction of certification, testing, etc.