More than USD103 billion is expected to be spent on offshore decommissioning globally between 2025 and 2034, with oil and gas facilities built in the 70s coming to the end of their lifecycles, drilling sites being moved to avoid over-pumping and the energy transition gaining momentum. As this work ramps up, comprehensive and cost-effective monitoring tools are needed - this is where DECOM comes in. Developed by Norwegian-based KSAT with support from ESA’s Business Applications and Space Solutions (BASS), DECOM is a space-enabled solution providing fast, targeted and proactive monitoring data, helping oil and gas operators, and regulators assess and limit environmental impacts effectively. 

At the same time, we are seeing increasing regulation and mandatory reporting, together with a deeper and growing understanding of environmental impacts and their domino-effects.

“We have known this was coming for a while, so we are now ready with DECOM to provide regulators, and oil and gas companies with the monitoring they will need before, during and after decommissioning, to ensure they follow environmental regulations, and also ensure the health and safety of their personnel,” said Georgia Karadimou from KSAT.

Using Earth observation data, the goal of DECOM is to provide more actionable information so oil and gas operators working offshore can reliably monitor sites and as well as respond to any irregular findings.

The service offers four components:

• Oil spill detection and identification
• Vessel detection and tracking
• Water quality and debris mapping
• Emissions monitoring

While these services can be bought individually, DECOM’s unique selling point is the ability to offer consolidated solutions to give more insights than independent reporting services can – and to do so fast. This helps provide peace of mind, but also when things do go wrong it is a valuable tool to ensure compliance, fast response times and better understanding of liability.

“Once a site has been decommissioned, parts of the facilities can remain in situ underwater, forming their own ecosystems. It is important to keep monitoring them, either to confirm via regular reports that there is no problem – or when there is a problem, to quickly not only identify the issue but also its nature and source, and who is responsible and liable,” explained Ms Karadimou. “Time critical information is a priority, especially in emergency situations – and that is something that we can deliver with a huge range of Earth observation data.”

With the support of ESA BASS, DECOM has gone from strength to strength, achieving commercial success in Europe and beyond, and establishing new partnerships, as well as helping regulators understand the need and urgency for better legislation and monitoring.

“Having ESA’s support has been invaluable in helping us test and validate our service, and in building our networks – it has been a real springboard for success,” said Ms Karadimou.

Marion Allayioti, Applications Engineer for BASS, said: “DECOM clearly demonstrates how space-enabled services can support the energy sector in managing the growing challenge of offshore decommissioning. By delivering continuous, wide-area monitoring, it reduces reliance on costly offshore inspections, improves response times, and helps operators and regulators ensure compliance throughout the asset lifecycle. This is exactly the type of impact we aim to achieve through BASS.”

She was echoed by Maria Helene Kalkvik from the Norwegian Space Agency, who added: “The DECOM service developed by KSAT shows great potential in developing scalable commercial services through ESA BASS. We are happy to see new space-based services being developed from Norwegian industry, that are both positive contributions to climate and the environment, as well as useful to society for both private industry and public sector customers."

Space technologies are playing an increasingly central role in strengthening resilience across infrastructure, climate, mobility and supply chains. These themes were at the centre of discussions at the Economist’s Space Economy Summit Europe in Lisbon earlier this month, where ESA’s Business Applications and Space Solutions (BASS) team, together with ESA’s Strategic Sustainability Team, joined industry leaders, investors and policymakers. Discussions covered everything from AI and geopolitics to investment and regulation, but one message emerged consistently throughout the event: the challenge facing the space sector is no longer technological capability or access to data, but adoption and implementation.

Rita Rinaldo, Head of Applications, Projects and Studies Division at ESA, during her intervention in the fireside chat ‘Beyond rockets: how space underpins Europe’s economy and society,’ underlined that “according to projections, the space downstream sector exceeds three quarters of the worldwide space turnover, which is growing at a rate increasing 10% CAGR. While being a major playing field for European space companies, there is an impellent need to increase efforts to raise more awareness of the value of space as competitive enabler for many economic sectors and how it supports Industry competitiveness.”

“Limited awareness of space capabilities have led to fragmentation across the value chain, meaning that whilst solutions exist, they often do not reach the users, with this lack of coordination leading to lost opportunities for growth’ continued Ms Rinaldo. “This was identified as a critical bottleneck to scaling uptake.”

BASS has partnered with multiple market sector leaders to strengthen cross-sector cooperations and facilitate scaling of space-based solutions. The recent launch of the Task Force “Space for Logistics and Resilient Infrastructure” in March 2026 complements the BASS Task Forces already working on energy, maritime, bioeconomy and smart cities and will boost the opportunities that we are offering to European companies exploiting space to address the many sector challenges.

During the event, Rita Rinaldo and Liz Barrow, Business Applications and Partnerships Officer at ESA, hosted an interactive roundtable session, ‘How space technologies can help mitigate threats to society,’ bringing together stakeholders to explore how space-based technologies can support resilience (particularly in climate, infrastructure and supply chains). Space is no longer seen as a standalone industry, but a critical layer of economic and technological infrastructure underpinning modern society. During the conversation, a number of recurring themes emerged. These included:

• Barriers to growth – space solutions are often presented in technical terms, while industries outside the sector tend to focus on commercial outcomes, operational performance and risk reduction.
• Resilience - geopolitical uncertainty is also reshaping priorities across the sector. Climate risk management, infrastructure resilience and supply chain resilience are no longer solely sustainability objectives, but direct economic and operational priorities for Europe. Resilience needs to be reframed in terms of cost avoidance, risk mitigation, and operational efficiency to accelerate adoption.
• Sovereignty/autonomy - a useful distinction emerged during the discussions: sovereignty is the ability to decide, while autonomy is the ability to act. While Europe may possess strong governance and decision-making structures, fragmentation and external dependencies continue to limit operational autonomy in areas including data access and supply chains.
• Regulation as a driver – whilst excessive regulation can be a significant barrier to growth, especially for SMEs, it can also be a driver for innovation and new markets, particularly where monitoring and verification are concerned, and space is playing a key role here.
• Investment trends - these were also a major area of discussion. Participants noted growing investor interest in the sector, driven in part by large-scale commercial success stories and expectations of future market growth. However, concerns were raised that increasing concentration of capital around a small number of dominant companies could make it more difficult for smaller businesses and applications developers to secure investment. Liz Barrow said, “It is clear that Europe’s ‘scale-up’ gap remains a key structural challenge. While early-stage funding is relatively strong, there is still a lack of large-scale private capital to support growth, meaning companies often rely on public funding or US investors at later stages.”
• Integrating data solutions - access to data is no longer the primary bottleneck. Vast volumes of Earth observation and operational data already exist and more continue to be generated every day. Instead, the challenge lies in converting this information into practical, decision-ready insights that can be integrated into existing business operations and workflows. End users are not looking for more raw data or highly technical platforms; they want clear answers to operational questions, so the opportunity is increasingly about how data is used, interpreted, and embedded into everyday decision-making. The most effective solutions are those that combine space data with other data sources, and which are embedded within existing operational and decision-making systems.

Andrea Vena, ESA Chief Sustainability Officer, was part of the ‘Responsible in orbit, sustainable on Earth: can space power Europe’s climate transition?’ panel at the event. With Europe already placing responsible space activity as central to its policy narrative, and satellite data already feeding into pilot projects in methane detection, deforestation monitoring, grid resilience and flood-risk mapping, the focus of the discussion was again around implementation and how to integrate this into core climate infrastructure to drive improvements at scale.

“Space technologies are crucial for increasing our knowledge, monitoring our planet and delivering key benefit to the sustainable development of society. Therefore, we must preserve the possibility for future generations to benefit from space by making space systems more sustainable and respecting the environments (Earth, Earth’s orbit, and deep space) they are impacting,” said Mr Vena. “Europe is leading this ambition, making responsible space activities central to its policy, with key actions enabling the European space ecosystem to be sustainable and competitive on a global scale, maximising benefits to society while reducing the space sector's environmental impacts.”

The view that the future growth of the space economy will depend less on generating new data, and more on making space-enabled services accessible, integrated, sustainable, and operationally relevant across the wider economy was a key takeaway from the Summit.

“Space is increasingly positioned as core economic infrastructure,” said Liz Barrow. “Across sessions, space was framed as an enabler for mobility, finance, communications, security and resilience—no longer a niche sector, but embedded in wider economic systems.”

“We know what the problems are and we know how to solve them. All we need is unified action.” Few voices carry greater authority on the state of our planet than Sir David Attenborough, who celebrated his 100th birthday this week, a fitting time therefore for ESA’s Business Applications and Space Solutions (BASS) team to bring key stakeholders from across Europe together at ESTEC in the Netherlands for the BASS Water Day.  

The event provided an opportunity to address some of the most pressing global water challenges - including water scarcity, water pollution, climate change, and growing resource pressures – while showcasing the wide range of innovative space-enabled solutions being developed through BASS projects. The event also marked the opening of the new Digitalisation of the Water Sector call, inviting proposals for water-related innovations for proof-of-concept studies and pilot projects.

The statistics around water are stark. According to the United Nations, roughly half the world’s population face severe water scarcity for at least part of the year, 2.1bn people live without access to clean drinking water and 3.5bn do not have access to safely managed sanitation. All this against a backdrop of increased demand, diminishing supply and increased frequency and severity of droughts and floods as a result of climate change.

The day was organised by Beatrice Barresi, Senior Sustainability Officer for ESA and Bioeconomy lead at BASS, who set the scene for the day with her opening remarks. Rita Rinaldo, Head of Applications, Studies and Projects Division at ESA, followed with a welcome address where she outlined the important role space has to play in the future of water management.

“Satellites offer an unparalleled view of our planet, enabling us to observe and monitor not only water but all natural habitats, and contribute to sustainable and resilient life on Earth in many ways” said Ms Rinaldo. She also outlined the contribution of BASS which has so far invested almost €200 million in successful projects delivering tangible green impact. The BASS programme has supported companies in delivering innovative and ambitious business models that have led to the creation of 1,649 partnerships across multiple sectors, helping drive innovation to address some of the world’s most pressing challenges - including those linked to water.

Collaboration and shared action emerged as key themes throughout the event, building on discussions held during the Bioeconomy Task Force meeting the previous day. “The importance of cross- sector collaboration has motivated us to engage with key stakeholders and market leaders” continued Ms Rinaldo. “The call on Digitalisation of the Water Sector has been shaped through partnerships with the members of the Bioeconomy Task Force, covering the needs expressed by key players in several industrial sectors.”

This commitment to partnership working was reflected in the diversity of participants and panellists, who included representatives from industry, city authorities, utilities, research organisations, environmental groups and international networks.

Designed to encourage discussion and collaboration, the programme for the day featured five panel sessions focused on the sector’s most urgent challenges and the potential role of space-enabled solutions in addressing them. The opening session, Securing Sustainable Water, focused on challenges facing agriculture and forestry. Marion Karmann, Senior Research Relations Manager at FSC International, highlighted the close relationship between forests and freshwater systems, saying 

“With 75% of accessible fresh water sources coming from forested land, we need to maintain and conserve our forests as a priority.”

According to UN data, agriculture accounts for around 70% of global freshwater withdrawals. ESA BASS is currently supporting a wide range of agriculture-related projects aimed at reducing water consumption and improving sustainability through innovations in irrigation, pesticide management and soil monitoring.

The second panel, New Thinking on Water Resilience, explored the challenges facing water infrastructure and supply systems. Participants highlighted the lack of reliable and integrated data as a major barrier to improving resilience and ensuring safe, continuous access to water services. “Water is a service that must be provided in the right volume, of the right quality, at the right time and at a fair price across the world,” said Andrea Rubini from Water Europe. This view was echoed by fellow panellists Julie Marechal Perkins from Global Water Operators’ Partnerships Alliance and Georgios Sachinis from EYDAP, who discussed the importance of stronger coordination and consolidation of water utilities in countries facing the highest risks of water scarcity.

While the panels highlighted the scale of the challenges ahead, the event also showcased a wide range of innovations being developed to address them. During the networking lunch, participants had the opportunity to meet companies contributing to the event’s poster session and discuss projects covering areas such as water monitoring, environmental intelligence, infrastructure resilience and sustainable resource management.

The afternoon programme featured three further panel discussions covering Scaling Innovation in Cities, Unlocking New Sources of Finance for the Water Sector, and Protecting our Oceans. Across all sessions, participants returned to common themes: the importance of data-driven decision-making, the need for collaboration across sectors and borders, and the growing role of innovation in supporting more resilient and sustainable water systems.

Closing the event, Nick Appleyard, Head of ESA’s new ACCESS programme, said “Water is essential to life on Earth and the challenges – not enough water, too much water, and water quality – are increasing. This is the first Water Day we have held at ESA and I hope it will be the first of many, as we work together in looking to space to find innovative solutions to these challenges.”

Dr Appleyard continued “Our Digitalisation of the Water Sector call opens today and I hope that many of you here will be inspired to submit your proposal over the coming weeks.”

Read more about the Digitalisation of the Water Sector Call

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View the Water Day posters

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